或许是戒碳水的结果(欢迎大家以某种纯粹主义姿态对『戒』字进行挑剔,当然这对我不会起任何作用),我变得对甜味十分敏感,如今大部分蔬菜,青椒,(烤熟或炒熟的)胡萝卜,菠菜,地蒲,洋葱……都会让我觉得很甜,甚至太甜,而饼干则多半甜得无法接受了。
或许是戒碳水的结果(欢迎大家以某种纯粹主义姿态对『戒』字进行挑剔,当然这对我不会起任何作用),我变得对甜味十分敏感,如今大部分蔬菜,青椒,(烤熟或炒熟的)胡萝卜,菠菜,地蒲,洋葱……都会让我觉得很甜,甚至太甜,而饼干则多半甜得无法接受了。
澳洲真是食肉者的天堂,是不是素食者的地狱还有待考察:)
我常吃的几种肉类,价格由低到高依次是:鸡-羊-牛-猪,后三种的次序和上海/北京比正好颠倒,而羊肉恰好是我最喜欢的,消费者剩余满满。
牛奶AU$1/升,比上海便宜,但酸奶贵,约为牛奶的4-5倍,打算自己做,鸡蛋便宜的$3一打,略贵。
超市里最多见的鱼是三文鱼,不贵。
多数蔬菜很贵,较便宜的有芦笋、胡萝卜、大白菜、卷心菜,其中芦笋是我见到唯一比上海便宜的蔬菜,可惜没人替你削皮。
相比之下,加工过的冷冻包装蔬菜更合算,也更方便,是做熟后冷冻的,微波炉加热即可,另外,(more...)
How Americans Got Red Meat Wrong
美国人对红肉的理解怎么错了
作者:Nina Teicholz @ 2014-06-02
译者:沈沉(@你在何地-sxy)
来源:The Atlantic,http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/06/how-americans-used-to-eat/371895/
Early diets in the country weren’t as plant-based as you might think.
我国的早期饮食并不像你所想的那样以植物为主。
The idea that red meat is a principal dietary culprit has pervaded our national conversation for decades. We have been led to believe that we’ve strayed from a more perfect, less meat-filled past. Most prominently, when Senator McGovern announced his Senate committee’s report, called Dietary Goals, at a press conference in 1977, he expressed a gloomy outlook about where the American diet was heading.
几十年来,红肉乃饮食首恶的观念一直在我们国家的争论中普遍流行。有人告诉我们,现在我们已经偏离了过去那种更为健康、吃肉更少的传统。最出名的一件事是,在1977年一次媒体发布会上,参议员McGovern代表其所在的参院委员会宣读了名为《膳食指导》的报告。会上他曾对美国人饮食的演变提出了一种非常悲观的展望。
“Our diets have changed radically within the past 50 years,” he explained, “with great and often harmful effects on our health.” These were the “killer diseases,” said McGovern. The solution, he declared, was for Americans to return to the healthier, plant-based diet they once ate.
“过去50年,我们的饮食发生了剧烈变化,”他解释道,“对我们的健康构成了巨大且往往是有害的影响。”McGovern还说,“这些都是致命的疾病”。他宣称,解决办法就是:美国人要回归他们以前食用的那种更为健康、以植物为主体的饮食。
The justification for this idea, that our ancestors lived mainly on fruits, vegetables, and grains, comes mainly from the USDA “food disappearance data.” The “disappearance” of foo(more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
【2016-05-06】
@小白:因为旧石器时代人类寿命之低,远远达不到食谱(慢性病)导致基因选择的程度。
@whigzhou: 1)旧石器时代人的寿命不是很短,许多狩猎采集社会的平均寿命可达45岁,明显比传统农业社会长
@whigzhou: 2)是否对慢性病构成选择压力,不能只看平均寿命,而要看活到较高年龄的人是否足够多,“平均寿命只有40岁”绝不意味着“活过40岁的人很少”,要考虑极高的婴儿和儿童死亡率,比如100个人,50个全部8岁前死掉,平均寿命4岁,另外50个平均寿命76岁,那么这100人的平均寿命是40岁。
@whigzhou: 3)所以慢性病是否构成选(more...)
America’s first fisherman bagged Alaskan salmon 11,500 years ago
11500年前,阿拉斯加渔民的鲑鱼
作者:Zach Zorich @ 2015-9-21
译者:沈沉(@你在何地-sxy)
校对:龟海海
来源:AAAS,http://news.sciencemag.org/plants-animals/2015/09/america-s-first-fisherman-bagged-alaskan-salmon-11500-years-ago
If you think most fish stinks after 3 days, try 11,500 years: That’s the age of salmon bones that archaeologists have uncovered at the Upward Sun River site, one of Alaska’s oldest human settlements.
如果你觉得大部分鱼放三天就会发臭,试试放11500年,考古学家在在向阳河遗址中发掘出的鲑鱼骨头就有这么古老,那里是阿拉斯加最早的人类聚居点之一。
They say the cooked bones provide the first clear evidence of salmon fishing among the earliest Americans, Paleoindians, who crossed from Siberia into Alaska ov(more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
A dangerous myth about who eats fast food is completely false
关于都有谁吃了美国快餐的一个危险误区
作者:Roberto A. Ferdman @ 2015-9-18
译者:沈沉(@你在何地-sxy)
校对:龟海海
来源:The Washington Post,http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/18/rich-parents-might-look-down-on-fast-food-but-its-actually-their-kids-who-eat-it-the-most/
There’s a popular narrative about poor families and fast food: They eat more of it than anybody else. It’s dangled as evidence for the high rate of obesity among poorer Americans — and talked about even by some of the country’s foremost voices on food. “[J]unk food is cheaper when measured by the calorie, and that this makes fast food essential for the poor because they need cheap calories,” Mark Bittman for The New York Times in 2011.
有个流行的说法讲的是贫困家庭和快餐的关系:他们吃的快餐比谁都多。这种说法被人视为贫困美国人高肥胖率的根据——甚至这个国家食品界的一些权威人物也会这么讲。Mark Bittman 2011年在《纽约时报》上写道:“以卡路里来衡量,垃圾食品更便宜,这就使得快餐成为穷人必备,因为他们需要便宜的卡路里。”
But there’s a problem with saying that poor people like fast food better than others. It’s not true.
但是,贫困人口比其他人更喜欢快餐这种说法是错误的。
New data, released by the Centers for Disease Control, show that America’s love for fast food is surprisingly income blind. Well-off kids, poor kids, and all those in between tend to get about the same percentage of their calories from fast food, according to a survey of more than 5,000 people. More precisely, though, it’s the poorest kids that tend to get the smallest share of(more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
Health Check: the science of ‘hangry’, or why some people get grumpy when they’re hungry
健康检查:“饿怒症”科学,或为什么有些人饿了以后会暴躁
作者:Amanda Salis @ 2015-7-20
译者:黎安林
校对:沈沉(@你在何地-sxy)
来源:The Conversation,https://theconversation.com/health-check-the-science-of-hangry-or-why-some-people-get-grumpy-when-theyre-hungry-37229
There are many reasons why some people get very grumpy when they haven’t eaten for a while.
有些人一段时间没吃东西就变得非常暴躁,这有很多原因。
Have you ever snapped angrily at someone when you were hungry? Or has someone snapped angrily at you when they were hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry” (an amalgam of hungry and angry) – the phenomenon whereby some people get grumpy and short-tempered when they’re overdue for a feed.
你曾在饥肠辘辘时愤怒地呵斥过某人吗?或者,你曾被某人在饥饿时愤怒地呵斥过吗?如果有,你就体验过“饿怒症”(一种饥饿和愤怒的混合体)——即有些人过了吃饭时间没吃东西就会变得暴躁易怒的现象。
But where does hanger come from? And why is it that only some people seem to get hangry? The answer lies in some of the processes that happen inside your body when it needs food.
但是饿怒来自哪里?为什么只是一部分人会饿怒?答案就在你身体需要食物时发生在体内的过程中。
The physiology of hanger
饿怒的生理学
The carbohydrates, proteins and fats in everything you eat are digested into simple sugars (such as glucose), amino acids and free fatty acids. These nutrients pass into your bloodstream from where they are distributed to your organs and tissues and used for energy.
你吃的所有食物中的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪,都被消化成单糖(如葡萄糖)、氨基酸和游离脂肪酸。这些营养物质首先进入你的血液,然后从哪里被分配到你的器官和组织,并用作能量来源。
As time passes after your last meal, the amount of these nutrients circulating in your bloodstream starts to drop. If your blood-glucose levels fall far enough, your brain will perceive it as a life-threatening situation. You see, unlike most other organs and tissues in your body which can use a variety of nutrients to keep functioning, your brain is critically dependent on glucose to do its job.
在你上一次饭后,随着时间流逝,这些在你的血液中循环的营养物质的量开始下降。如果你的血糖水平过低,你的大脑就会把它理解为危及生命的情况。你知道,不像你体内的大多数其他器官和组织,它们可以使用种类繁多的营养物质来保持运转,你的大脑却严重依赖葡萄糖来完成其工作。
You’ve probably already noticed this dependence your brain has on glucose; simple things can become difficult when you’re hungry and your blood glucose levels drop. You may find it hard to concentrate, for instance, or you may make silly mistakes. Or you might have noticed that your words become muddled or slurred.
你可能已经注意到了这种大脑对葡萄糖的依赖;当你饿了,身体的血糖水平下降,简单的事情也会变得困难。比如,你会感到注意力难以集中,或者可能犯一些低级的错误。或者你可能已经注意到,你说话变得混乱而含糊不清。
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
【2015-10-13】
@海德沙龙 本文是Peter Turchin报告他实践旧石器食谱后个人体验的系列博文中最后一篇,此时他转变食谱已有27个月,不过本文大部分篇幅是在介绍人类学家Richard Wrangham有关烹饪与人类进化之关系的著作Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human,这是本非常好的书 °旧石器食谱与火
@whigzhou: Catching Fire很好,在我今年读过的书里排前五,他还教(more...)
Paleo Diet and Fire
旧石器食谱与火
作者:Peter Turchin @ 2014-08-07
译者:Dr啊(@Dr啊)
校对:Drunkplane(@Drunkplane-zny)
来源:evolution-institute.org,https://evolution-institute.org/blog/paleo-diet-and-fire/
It’s been a while since my last update on the Paleo diet (perhaps a better name for it is ‘Post-Neolithic diet’). Here are the links to previous blogs on this theme:
自我上次更新关于旧石器食谱(也许更好的名字是‘后新石器食谱’)的情况到现在已经有一段时间了。这是我之前有关这一话题的几篇博文的链接:
http://socialevolutionforum.com/2012/08/23/an-update-on-my-so-called-paleo-diet/
http://socialevolutionforum.com/2013/07/20/adventures-in-paleo-eating-bone-marrow/
http://socialevolutionforum.com/2013/05/04/breadfruit/
As long-time readers of my blog remember, I switched to Paleo diet in May of 2012. Within two months I noticed an improvement in my health. After half a year I lost 20 pounds and my health improved dramatically. A number of chronic health problems cleared up. At t(more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
An Update on My (So-Called) Paleo Diet
汇报一下我实践(所谓的)旧石器食谱的情况
作者:Peter Turchin @ 2012823
译者:bear,校对:陈小乖(lion_kittyyyyy)
来源:Social Evolution Forum,https://evolution-institute.org/blog/an-update-on-my-so-called-paleo-diet/
As I wrote in this blog, in early May I started on a new diet, which is misleadingly (for reasons I will come back to) called the ‘Paleo Diet.’
正如我在早先那篇博客中所写的那样【编注:本组翻译了这篇博客,见:http://weibo.com/p/1001603875391709540593 】,五月初我开始尝试一种新食谱,这种食谱有个容易误导人的名字——“旧石器食谱”(我会在之后说明它容易误导人的原因)。
First, a progress report. Over the 3.5 months I lost 15 pounds, or around a pound per week. (more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
最近不少朋友跟我打听有关旧石器食谱(Paleo Diet)的事情,有些因为没有持续关注我的言论,所以不太了解来龙去脉,甚至有些误解,我在这里从头说明一下。
Q: 什么是旧石器食谱?
A:简单说,是对农业时代特有的食物总体上持怀疑态度,具体点说就是:
更多细节可参考维基Paleo Diet词条:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_diet
Q:那你现在吃些什么?
A:我实践的版本和标准定义有所不同,我喝少量酸奶,但排除了薯类,而按标准做法,旧石器食谱是可以包括薯类的;我也不完全排除豆类,特别是嫩豆和外皮比例较高的豆类,前者是因为我特别爱吃,后者是因为纤维量高;另外,和标准做法不同,我也不控制盐。
目前我的食谱大概是这样:
一顿典型的正餐:
这是平时,上馆子或者周末改善时,会多吃不少。
Q:高脂低碳水的吃法不就是Atkins吗,旧石器食谱有何不同?
A:高脂低碳水这点上,两者确实很像,但Atkins主要关注食物的主营养成分(more...)
【2015-08-25】
@whigzhou: 一个基本历史背景:旧石器时代晚期(也叫中石器时代),人类经历了一次认知革命(也叫文化大爆炸),除其他进步之外,狩猎能力大幅提升,很可能与弓箭的发明有关,导致人类种群及地理分布的又一次大扩张,不像第一波走出非洲时紧贴海岸线,这次扩张横扫欧亚大陆腹地,后来又竖刷美洲大陆……
@whigzhou: 这一过程伴随着大批大型哺乳动物灭绝,而此时人类尚无力破坏动物栖息地,这些动物只能是被吃掉的,所以至少在那几万年里,我们祖先(more...)
The Dark Side of Cultural Evolution
文化进化的黑暗面
作者:Peter Turchin @ 2012-5-17
译者:林婵娟(@Standingbesideyou) 一校:林翠
来源:evolution-institute.org, https://evolution-institute.org/blog/the-dark-side-of-cultural-evolution-2/
Cultural evolution is what created the – in many ways – wonderful societies that we live in. It created the potential to free our lives from hunger and early death, and made possible the pursuit of science and art. But cultural evolution also has a dark side, in fact, many ‘dark sides.’
文化进化在许多方面造就了人类赖以生存的美好社会,它让我们有望从饥饿和早夭的命运中解脱出来,也使追求科学和艺术成为可能。但是文化进化也有其黑暗面,事实上,其背后“黑影重重”。
Clearly domestication of plants and animals is what made our civilization possible. All sufficiently complex societies are possible only on the basis of agriculture. But we have paid, and continue paying a huge price for this advance of human knowledge and technology. This idea was brought home to me as a result of sev(more...)
——海德沙龙·翻译组,致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——
第一章 饮食
18世纪的法国美食家布里亚-萨瓦兰[1]曾说:“告诉我你吃些什么,我就能说出你是个什么样的人。”这句名言在1923年美国某报的一则牛肉广告上被精简为“你是你所吃”,从此广为流传,并成为众多美食书籍、电影和电视片的标题。
虽有所夸大,但这句话确有其洞见,实际上,把其中的“吃”换成穿、住、读、玩、驾驶、交往、欣赏等等动词,在不同程度上都可成立;或者说,人的各种行为,都体现着其个性、价值观、身份、文化归属,乃至人性,其中一些比另一些表现得更鲜明;实际上,当我们将所有这样的句子全部罗列出来时,便回答了那著名的门卫之问:“你是谁?”
在表明“我是谁”的生活各方面中,饮食有着根本重要性,因为吃什么和怎么吃,构成了所谓生计模式的基础,而后者无论是在生物学家考察一个物种时,还是人类学家考察一个族群一种文化时,都是首先要弄清楚的事情,它锚定了物种和文化的基本面貌。
因为我们曾是狩猎猿,所以(more...)